How To Outsmart Your Boss On Evolution Korea
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Evolution Korea
South Korea's democratic system is vulnerable to populist inclinations. It is still healthier than expected.
The country is searching for an alternative development model. The Confucian culture, which stresses respect for ancestors and as well as gendered family relationships, continues to influence the society. But there are signs that a secular culture is gaining ground.
Origins
In the prehistoric era the ancestors of modern Koreans lived by hunting and gathering wild food. Then around 10,000 years ago they began to cultivate crops such as millet and beans. They also raised livestock, and even made furs. They formed tribal states in Manchuria and later on the Korean peninsula. They also developed an industry of metallurgy, which produced bronze and later iron tools. They traded with other countries and introduced celadon and block printing to Japan along with styles of art as well as a written language and paper making.
Gojoseon was established in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. The state embraced Chinese culture, including Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. In this time, the inhabitants of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon had a hierarchical structure in which a monarch and senior officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy whereas the majority of the population were peasants. The state extracted taxes from the citizens and often required them to fight in the army or participate in government projects such as building fortifications.
Onjo the prince of Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo, founded the state of Baekje towards the end of the period. This new kingdom expanded its territory into the southwest of the peninsula, and was at war with Goguryeo and China's commanderies in the area. Baekje adopted Confucian ideas into its state belief system in 1390 CE, and introduced the male-centric concept of filiopiety a doctrine. Under the cover of filiopiety fathers were accountable to their families. They must be obedient to everyone and respected even by their children and grandchildren.
Goryeo, who would rule from 918 to 1392 CE gave the world the Hangul alphabet that was based on the shapes formed by the mouth when it was pronounced. This greatly improved communication and led to a rise in the writing of Buddhist text. Woodblock printing and the movable metal type were also improved. It was during this period that the Samguk sagi, or 'History Of the Three Kingdoms' was first recorded in 1145 CE.
Evolution in Korea
The Korean peninsula was inhabited from Neolithic times onwards. Early evidence of human settlements can be seen in the form cist graves lined with stone, with valuable items like amazonite jewelry being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures, also known as dolmens and constructed of large stones in a single piece, are prevalent throughout the country.
Gojoseon was the first state to be recognized during the first half of the 1st millennium BCE. The peninsula was then ruled by a number of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE), including Baekje and Goguryeo. The northern region of the peninsula was occupied for a time by the Balhae Kingdom that historians do believe to be a true Korean state.
Following the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states emerged during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Of them, Baekje was the most powerful of them all, but its dynasty ended by the fall of Goguryeo in 676 CE, leaving Baekje with its southern territories of Manchuria and the western region around the Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy prospered for a period of time.
The Unified Silla kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to cooperate in order to expand their territory. Silla, with the help of the Chinese eventually conquered and unified the peninsula in 935.
As Korea enters a post-crisis phase the way it develops appears to be changing. Those who are horrified by the huge costs of the old systems advocate a comprehensive program of liberalization of capital, labor and product markets. On the other hand, supporters of the old system are seeking to protect it by using nationalist sentiments and generating fear of job loss.
Analysts and academics are divided over the extent to which Korea's evolution is influenced by these two trends. This article reviews developments to date, by looking at five phases of Korea's political development that include illiberal democracy (1945-60) democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) and authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87), democratic paternalism (1987-2001), and democratic participation (2002 to the present). This article also highlights the most important factors that are driving these developments.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have had success in promoting their views to this group. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that almost one-third of respondents didn't believe in evolution. Of the respondents, 41% stated that there was insufficient scientific evidence to support evolution; 39% said the theory did not align with their beliefs; and 17% said it was difficult to understand. This level of disbelief is similar to that of the United States where a similar percentage do not believe humans evolved from earlier types of life.
In the past, the anti-evolutionist campaign in Korea focused primarily on teaching students and the introduction of Christ to them. In 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the main speakers. The event was attended by a large number of pastors, professors, church leaders, and scientists.
The event's success resulted in the formation of the Korea Association of Creation Research on January 31st of 1980. The inaugural event was widely reported in the national press, including The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo and also received wide attention.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter called CREATION, in which it reported on its activities and also published articles on scientific evidence for creationism. It also translated a number of slides and film strips from ICR as well as a few books on the subject of creationism, which were already published outside of Korea. KACR members delivered lectures in universities and churches across the country.
One example of one KACR success story was at the KAIST university in Seoul. Students at the KAIST university in Seoul were so fascinated by creationism that they raised funds and received funding to construct an enlightened museum on campus.
In addition to its public activities, KACR publishes a bimonthly news magazine, CREATION, which covers topics in creation science. It has also sponsored a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also established branches in local offices that give seminars and talks to schoolchildren and other community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the latter half of the nineteenth century and the early 20th century, Korea began to adopt an increasingly Westernized lifestyle. The hanbok, the traditional Korean dress, was replaced to miniskirts and other fashion elements from overseas. The traditional Korean music was also replaced by jazz and rock & roll. At this time the famous samulnori or masked dance-dramas, were popular with the general public. These dramatic pieces were performed to the beat of shaman drummers and other musical instruments.
Korea's new development paradigm is being developed in the aftermath of the economic crisis. The primary challenge facing the new regime lies in the proper balance between state-led economic policies as well as market-based ones. It also involves rethinking the incentives and monitoring policies that created the system prior to the crisis. These issues are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4.
Baekje, founded by Onjo the prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo, was founded by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo and check here other areas as well as migrant workers from northern China. In the early 4th century, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. In the process, it entered into frequent confrontation with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanderies along the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries resulted in the rise of powerful local factions. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as its capital. He was the ruler of a large portion of the present-day Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Later, he relocated the capital to Wansanju and became a rival to Goguryeo.
However his rule was not long-lasting. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935, and then united Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla Later, he incorporated Baekje into Goryeo without a fight as his successor. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened the central government system. This was the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. From that point, the Korean peninsula was ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly developed into powerful states on the peninsula as well as in Manchuria.